DATASHEET
MISRA C:2023 Rule Enforcement
(MISRA C:2023 Third Edition, Second Revision)
ENFORCEMENT FOR KW 2024.2
|
| Total |
|---|---|---|
a | Total Number of Rules | 221 |
b | Total Number of ‘Not Statically Enforceable’ Rules (Assisted/Unassisted) | 21 |
c | Total Number of Enforceable Rules (a-b) | 200 |
d | Total Number of Enforced Rules | 154 |
e | Total Number of Unenforced Rules | 46 |
f | Enforce Rules Percentage (d/c) | 77% |
g | Unenforced Rules Percentage (e/c) | 23% |
PR indicates rule is covered by an external tool
Rule | Rule Description | Category | Analysis | Enforced | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1 | The program shall contain no violations of the standard C syntax and constraints, and shall not exceed the implementation's translation limits. | Required | Decidable | Yes | Compiler warnings |
1.2 | Language extensions should not be used. | Advisory | Undecidable | Yes | |
1.3 | There shall be no occurrence of undefined or critical unspecified behavior. | Required | Undecidable | No | |
1.4 | Emergent language features shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
1.5 | Obsolescent language features shall not be used | Required | Undecidable | No | |
2.1 | A project shall not contain unreachable code. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
2.2 | There shall be no dead code. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
2.3 | A project should not contain unused type declarations. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
2.4 | A project should not contain unused tag declarations. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
2.5 | A project should not contain unused macro definitions. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | PR |
2.6 | A function should not contain unused label declarations. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
2.7 | There should be no unused parameters in functions. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
2.8 | A project should not contain unused object definitions | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
3.1 | The character sequences /* and // shall not be used within a comment. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
3.2 | Line-splicing shall not be used in // comments. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
4.1 | Octal and hexadecimal escape sequences shall be terminated. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
4.2 | Trigraphs should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
5.1 | External identifiers shall be distinct. | Required | Decidable | Yes | PR |
5.2 | Identifiers, other than external identifiers and macro identifiers, in the same scope and name space shall be distinct. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
5.3 | An identifier declared in an inner scope shall not hide an identifier declared in an outer scope. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
5.4 | Macro identifiers shall be distinct. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
5.5 | Identifiers shall be distinct from macro names. | Required | Decidable | Yes | PR |
5.6 | A typedef name shall be a unique identifier. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
5.7 | A tag name shall be a unique identifier. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
5.8 | Identifiers that define objects or functions with external linkage shall be unique. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
5.9 | Identifiers that define objects or functions with internal linkage should be unique. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
6.1 | Bit-fields shall only be declared with an appropriate type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
6.2 | Single-bit named bit fields shall not be of a signed type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
6.3 | A bit field shall not be declared as a member of a union | Required | Decidable | No | |
7.1 | Octal constants shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
7.2 | A "u" or "U" suffix shall be applied to all integer constants that are represented in an unsigned type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
7.3 | The lowercase character "l" shall not be used in a literal suffix. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
7.4 | A string literal shall not be assigned to an object unless the object's type is "pointer to const-qualified char". | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
7.5 | The argument of an integer-constant macro shall have an appropriate form | Mandatory | Decidable | No | |
7.6 | The small integer variants of the minimum-width integer constant macros shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | No | |
8.1 | Types shall be explicitly specified. | Required | Decidable | Yes | C90 only |
8.2 | Function types shall be in prototype form with named parameters. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.3 | All declarations of an object or function shall use the same names and type qualifiers. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.4 | A compatible declaration shall be visible when an object or function with external linkage is defined. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.5 | An external object or function shall be declared once in one and only one file. | Required | Decidable | No | |
8.6 | An identifier with external linkage shall have exactly one external definition. | Required | Decidable | No | |
8.7 | Functions and objects should not be defined with external linkage if they are referenced in only one translation unit. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | PR |
8.8 | The static storage class specifier shall be used in all declarations of objects and functions that have internal linkage. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.9 | An object should be defined at block scope if its identifier only appears in a single function. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
8.1 | An inline function shall be declared with the static storage class. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.11 | When an array with external linkage is declared, its size should be explicitly specified. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
8.12 | Within an enumerator list, the value of an implicitly-specified enumeration constant shall be unique. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.13 | A pointer should point to a const-qualified type whenever possible. | Advisory | Undecidable | Yes | |
8.14 | The restrict type qualifier shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
8.15 | All declarations of an object with an explicit alignment specification shall specify the same alignment. | Required | Decidable | No | |
8.16 | The alignment specification of zero should not appear in an object declaration. | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
8.17 | At most one explicit alignment specifier should appear in an object declaration. | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
9.1 | The value of an object with automatic storage duration shall not be read before it has been set. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
9.2 | The initializer for an aggregate or union shall be enclosed in braces. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
9.3 | Arrays shall not be partially initialized. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
9.4 | An element of an object shall not be initialized more than once. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
9.5 | Where designated initializers are used to initialize an array object the size of the array shall be specified explicitly. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
9.6 | An initializer using chained designators shall not contain initializers without designators | Required | Decidable | No | |
9.7 | Atomic objects shall be appropriately initialized before being accessed | Mandatory | Undecidable | No | |
10.1 | Operands shall not be of an inappropriate essential type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
10.2 | Expressions of essentially character type shall not be used inappropriately in addition and subtraction operations. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
10.3 | The value of an expression shall not be assigned to an object with a narrower essential type or of a different essential type category. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
10.4 | Both operands of an operator in which the usual arithmetic conversions are performed shall have the same essential type category. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
10.5 | The value of an expression should not be cast to an inappropriate essential type. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
10.6 | The value of a composite expression shall not be assigned to an object with wider essential type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
10.7 | If a composite expression is used as one operand of an operator in which the usual arithmetic conversions are performed then the other operand shall not have wider essential type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
10.8 | The value of a composite expression shall not be cast to a different essential type category or a wider essential type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.1 | Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to a function and any other type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.2 | Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to an incomplete type and any other type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.3 | A cast shall not be performed between a pointer to object type and a pointer to a different object type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.4 | A conversion should not be performed between a pointer to object and an integer type. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
11.5 | A conversion should not be performed from pointer to void into pointer to object. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
11.6 | A cast shall not be performed between pointer to void and an arithmetic type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.7 | A cast shall not be performed between pointer to object and a noninteger arithmetic type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.8 | A cast shall not remove any const or volatile qualification from the type pointed to by a pointer. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.9 | The macro NULL shall be the only permitted form of integer null pointer constant. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
11.1 | The _Atomic qualifier shall not be applied to the incomplete type void. | Required | Decidable | No | |
12.1 | The precedence of operators within expressions should be made explicit. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
12.2 | The right hand operand of a shift operator shall lie in the range zero to one less than the width in bits of the essential type of the left hand operand. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
12.3 | The comma operator should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
12.4 | Evaluation of constant expressions should not lead to unsigned integer wrap-around. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
12.5 | The sizeof operator shall not have an operane which is a function parameter declared as ‘array of type’. | Mandatory | Decidable | Yes | |
12.6 | Structure and union members of atomic objects shall not be directly accessed | Required | Decidable | No | |
13.1 | Initializer lists shall not contain persistent side-effects. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
13.2 | The value of an expression and its persistent side effects shall be the same under all permitted evaluation orders and shall be independent from thread interleaving. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
13.3 | A Yes expression containing an increment (++) or decrement (--) operator should have no other potential side effects other than that caused by the increment or decrement operator. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
13.4 | The result of an assignment operator should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
13.5 | The right hand operand of a logical && or || operator shall not contain persistent side effects. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
13.6 | The operand of the sizeof operator shall not contain any expression which has potential side-effects. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
14.1 | A loop counter shall not have essentially floating type. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
14.2 | A for loop shall be well-formed.. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
14.3 | Controlling expressions shall not be invariant. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
14.4 | The controlling expression of an if-statement and the controlling expression of an iteration-statement shall have essentially Boolean type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
15.1 | The goto statement should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
15.2 | The goto statement shall jump to a label declared later in the same function. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
15.3 | Any label referenced by a goto statement shall be declared in the same block, or in any block enclosing the goto statement. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
15.4 | There should be no more than one break or goto statement used to terminate any iteration statement. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
15.5 | A function should have a single point of exit at the end. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
15.6 | The body of an iteration-statement or a selection-statement shall be a compound-statement. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
15.7 | All if … else if constructs shall be terminated with an else statement. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.1 | All switch statements shall be well-formed. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.2 | A switch label shall only be used when the most closely-enclosing compound statement is the body of a switch statement. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.3 | An unconditional break statement shall terminate every switch clause. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.4 | Every switch statement shall have a default label. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.5 | A default label shall appear as either the first or the last switch label of a switch statement. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.6 | Every switch statement shall have at least two switch clauses. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
16.7 | A switch-expression shall not have essentially Boolean type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
17.1 | The features of | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
17.2 | Functions shall not call themselves, either directly or indirectly. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
17.3 | A function shall not be declared implicitly. | Mandatory | Decidable | Yes | C90 only |
17.4 | All exit paths from a function with non-void return type shall have an explicit return statement with an expression. | Mandatory | Decidable | Yes | |
17.5 | The function argument corresponding to a parameter declared to have an array type shall have an appropriate number of elements. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
17.6 | The declaration of an array parameter shall not contain the static keyword between the [ ]. | Mandatory | Decidable | Yes | |
17.7 | The value returned by a function having non-void return type shall be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
17.8 | A function parameter should not be modified. | Advisory | Undecidable | Yes | |
17.9 | A function declared with a _Noreturn function specifier shall not return to its caller | Mandatory | Undecidable | No | |
17.1 | A function declared with a _Noreturn function specifier shall have void return type | Required | Decidable | No | |
17.11 | A function that never returns should be declared with a _Noreturn function specifier | Advisory | Undecidable | No | |
17.12 | A function identifier should only be used with either a preceding &, or with a parenthesised parameter list | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
17.13 | A function type shall not be type qualified | Required | Decidable | No | |
18.1 | A pointer resulting from arithmetic on a pointer operand shall address an element of the same array as that pointer operand. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
18.2 | Subtraction between pointers shall only be applied to pointers that address elements of the same array. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
18.3 | The relational operators >, >=, < and <= shall not be applied to objects of pointer type except where they point into the same object. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
18.4 | The +, -, += and -= operators should not be applied to an expression of pointer type. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
18.5 | Declarations should contain no more than two levels of pointer nesting. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
18.6 | The address of an object with automatic or thread-local storage shall not be copied to another object that persists after the first object has ceased to exist. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
18.7 | Flexible array members shall not be declared. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
18.8 | Variable-length arrays shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
18.9 | An object with temporary lifetime shall not undergo array-to-pointer conversion | Required | Decidable | No | |
18.1 | Pointers to variably-modified array types shall not be used | Mandatory | Decidable | No | |
19.1 | An object shall not be assigned or copied to an overlapping object. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
19.2 | The union keyword should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
20.1 | #include directives should only be preceded by preprocessor directives or comments. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
20.2 | The ', " or \ characters and the /* or // character sequences shall not occur in a header file name. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.3 | The #include directive shall be followed by either a | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.4 | A macro shall not be defined with the same name as a keyword. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.5 | #undef should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
20.6 | Tokens that look like a preprocessing directive shall not occur within a macro argument. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.7 | Expressions resulting from the expansion of macro parameters shall be enclosed in parentheses. | Required | Decidable | No | |
20.8 | The controlling expression of a #if or #elif preprocessing directive shall evaluate to 0 or 1. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.9 | All identifiers used in the controlling expression of #if or #elif preprocessing directives shall be #define'd before evaluation. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.1 | The # and ## preprocessor operators should not be used. | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
20.11 | A macro parameter immediately following a # operator shall not immediately be followed by a ## operator. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.12 | A macro parameter used as an operand to the # or ## operators, which is itself subject to further macro replacement, shall only be used as an operand to these operators. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.13 | A line whose first token is # shall be a valid preprocessing directive. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
20.14 | All #else, #elif and #endif preprocessor directives shall reside in the same file as the #if, #ifdef or #ifndef directive to which they are related. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.1 | #define and #undef shall not be used on a reserved identifier or reserved macro name. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.2 | A reserved identifier or macro name shall not be declared. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.3 | The memory allocation and deallocation functions of | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.4 | The standard header file | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.5 | The standard header file | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.6 | The Standard Library input/output functions shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.7 | The atof, atoi, atol and atoll functions of | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.8 | The Standard Library termination functions of | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.9 | The library functions bsearch and qsort of | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.1 | The Standard Library time and date functions shall not be used. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.11 | The standard header file | Advisory | Decidable | Yes | |
21.12 | The standard header file | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.13 | Any value passed to a function in | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
21.14 | The Standard Library function memcmp shall not be used to compare null terminated strings. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
21.15 | The pointer arguments to the Standard Library functions memcpy, memmove and memcmp shall be pointers to qualified or unqualified versions of compatible types. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.16 | The pointer arguments to the Standard Library function memcp shall point to either a pointer type, an essentially signed type, an essentially unsigned type, an essentially Boolean type or an essentially enum type. | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.17 | Use of the string handling functions from | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
21.18 | The size_t argument passed to any function in | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
21.19 | The pointers returned by the Standard Library functions localeconv, getenv, setlocale or strerror shall only be used as if they have pointer to const-qualified type. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
21.2 | The pointer returned by the Standard Library functions asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, localeconv, getenv, setlocale, or strerror shall not be used following a subsequent call to the same function. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
21.21 | The Standard Library function system of | Required | Decidable | Yes | |
21.22 | All operand arguments to any type-generic macros declared in | Mandatory | Decidable | No | |
21.23 | All operand arguments to any multi-argument type-generic macros declared in | Required | Decidable | No | |
21.24 | The random number generator functions of | Required | Decidable | No | |
21.25 | All memory synchronization operations shall be executed in sequentially consistent order. | Required | Decidable | No | |
21.26 | The Standard Library function mtx_timedlock() shall only be invoked on mutex objects of appropriate mutex type. | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.1 | All resources obtained dynamically by means of Standard Library functions shall be explicitly released. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.2 | A block of memory shall only be freed if it was allocated by means of a Standard Library function. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.3 | The same file shall not be open for read and write access at the same time on different streams. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.4 | There shall be no attempt to write to a stream which has been opened as read-only. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.5 | A pointer to a FILE object shall not be dereferenced. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.6 | The value of a pointer to a FILE shall not be used after the associated stream has been closed. | Mandatory | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.7 | The macro EOF shall on ly be compared with the unmodified return value from any Standard Library function capable of returning EOF. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.8 | The value of errno shall be set to zero prior to a call to an errno-setting-function. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.9 | The value of errno shall be tested against zero after calling an errno-setting-function. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.1 | The value of errno shall only be tested when the last function to be called was an errnosetting- function. | Required | Undecidable | Yes | |
22.11 | A thread that was previously either joined or detached shall not be subsequently joined nor detached | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.12 | Thread objects, thread synchronization objects, and thread-specific storage pointers shall only be accessed by the appropriate Standard Library functions | Mandatory | Undecidable | No | |
22.13 | Thread objects, thread synchronization objects and thread-specific storage pointers shall have appropriate storage duration | Required | Decidable | No | |
22.14 | Thread synchronization objects shall be initialized before being accessed. | Mandatory | Undecidable | No | |
22.15 | Thread synchronization objects and thread-specific storage pointers shall not be destroyed until after all threads accessing them have terminated | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.16 | All mutex objects locked by a thread shall be explicitly unlocked by the same thread | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.17 | No thread shall unlock a mutex or call cnd_wait() or cnd_timedwait() for a mutex it has not locked before | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.18 | Non-recursive mutexes shall not be recursively locked | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.19 | A condition variable shall be associated with at most one mutex object | Required | Undecidable | No | |
22.2 | Thread-specific storage pointers shall be created before being accessed. | Mandatory | Undecidable | No | |
23.1 | A generic selection should only be expanded from a macro | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
23.2 | A generic selection that is not expanded from a macro shall not contain potential side effects in the controlling expression | Required | Decidable | No | |
23.3 | A generic selection should contain at least one non-default association | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
23.4 | A generic association shall list an appropriate type | Required | Decidable | No | |
23.5 | A generic selection should not depend on implicit pointer type conversion | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
23.6 | The controlling expression of a generic selection shall have an essential type that matches its standard type | Required | Decidable | No | |
23.7 | A generic selection that is expanded from a macro should evaluate its argument only once | Advisory | Decidable | No | |
23.8 | A default association shall appear as either the first or the last association of a generic selection | Required | Decidable | No |
MISRA C:2012 Directive Enforcement
‘A directive is a guideline for which it is not possible to provide the Yes description necessary to perform a check for compliance.’ MISRA C:2012 Section 6.1. Due to the nature of directives, they are, in theory, not statically enforceable, however, the use of the tools can supply some assistance in checking.
Directives | Rule Description | Category | Assisted | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.1 | Any implementation-defined behaviour on which the output of the program depends shall be documented and understood | Required | Assisted | |
2.1 | All source files shall compile without any compilation errors | Required | Assisted | All source files shall compile without any compilation errors - This can only be checked by the actual compiler being used and then we simply import any compilation errors into Klocwork reporting |
3.1 | All code shall be traceable to documented requirements | Required | Unassisted | Documentation |
4.1 | Run-time failures shall be minimized | Required | Assisted | |
4.2 | All usage of assembly language should be documented | Advisory | Assisted | |
4.3 | Assembly language shall be encapsulated and isolated | Required | Assisted | |
4.4 | Sections of code should not be "commented out" | Advisory | Unassisted | |
4.5 | Identifiers in the same name space with overlapping visibility should be typographically unambiguous | Advisory | Unassisted | |
4.6 | typedefs that indicate size and signedness should be used in place of the basic numerical types | Advisory | Assisted | |
4.7 | If a function returns error information, then that error information shall be tested | Required | Assisted | |
4.8 | If a pointer to a structure or union is never dereferenced within a translation unit, then the implementation of the object should be hidden | Advisory | Unassisted | |
4.9 | A function should be used in preference to a function-like macro where they are interchangeable | Advisory | Assisted | |
4.1 | Precautions shall be taken in order to prevent the contents of a header file being included more then once | Required | Assisted | |
4.11 | The validity of values passed to library functions shall be checked | Required | Unassisted | |
4.12 | Dynamic memory allocation shall not be used | Required | Unassisted | |
4.13 | Functions which are designed to provide operations on a resource should be called in an appropriate sequence | Advisory | Unassisted | |
4.14 | The validity of values received from external sources shall be checked | Required | Assisted | |
4.15 | Evaluation of floating-point expressions shall not lead to the undetected generation of infinities and NaNs | Required | Unassisted | |
5.1 | There shall be no data races between threads | Required | Unassisted | |
5.2 | There shall be no deadlocks between threads | Required | Unassisted | |
5.3 | There shall be no dynamic thread creation | Required | Unassisted |